Particle-based viscoplastic fluid/solid simulation

Simulations of viscoplastic materials are traditionally governed by continuum mechanics. The viscous behavior is typically modeled as an internal force, defined by diverse quantities. This work introduces a fluid model to simulate the viscoplastic effect of solid materials, such as plastic, wax, clay and polymer. Our method consists in modeling a solid object through a non-Newtonian fluid with high viscosity. This fluid~simulation uses the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method and the viscosity is formulated by using the General Newtonian Fluid model. This model concentrates the viscoplasticity in a single parameter. Our results show clear effects of creep, melting, hardening and flowing.